Correlation between Boron Isotope of Coral Acropora and pH Value of Seawater Surface

A water circulation system with the almost same element composition and socket type was adopted in coral Acropora culture under different seawater pH value conditions and the data of the relationship between boron isotopic compositions of coral and seawater pH value by thermoelectric ionization mass spectrometer were obtained. According to the correlations between α_carb-3 of coral and the pH value of cultured seawater, α_carb-3 was not a constant but related to pH value, indicating that B(OH)₃ also incorporated carbonate. Therefore, the theoretical formula could not be used to calculate the seawater pH value from the δ¹¹B_carb value of the measured marine biological carbonate. The empirical equations obtained experimentally would be an alternative method to calculate the seawater pH value. In addition, the mixed precipitation of CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂ was found in aquaculture tanks with high pH value, and the δ¹¹B of the solid was significantly higher than that of cultured seawater. The result indicated that the presence of Mg(OH)₂ had a significant effect on the boron isotope fractionation, which deserved our attention.     

Prediction of Concrete Meso-Model Stress-Strain Curves Based on GoogLeNet北大核心CSCD

非均质复合材料的宏观力学性能往往取决于细观组分的分布方式和力学性能，但是建立明确的关系表达式极其困难。为了应对这一挑战，以混凝土为研究对象，提出了一种基于深度学习的策略，能够高效、准确地通过细观模型图像信息获取应力-应变曲线。首先，使用基于卷积神经网络（convolutional neural network，CNN）的GoogLeNet模型进行图像信息识别和提取，并针对应力-应变曲线的复杂性特点，进行了数据预处理操作，并且设计了相应的多任务损失函数。数据集中的细观模型图像采用基于Monte-Carlo的随机骨料模型生成，并且使用数值模拟试验获取对应细观模型的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线。最后，通过对神经网络的训练和测试评估了所提出方法的可行性。结果表明，GoogLeNet模型训练效率和预测精度均优于AlexNet和ResNet模型，具有良好的泛化能力和鲁棒性。     

光纤传感器测量FRP加固结构的损伤

A distributed fiber optic sensor is developed for condition monitoring of civil infrastructure sys-tems. The fiber optic sensor is especially useful in applications involving structures strengthened by fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The sensor principles are simple and therefore, practical for detec-tion of cracks, debonding and deformation measurements. Structural monitoring capability of the sensor     

Measurement of concrete internal strain using a three-dimensional transducer system

A new three-dimensional transducer system is introduced in this paper, which enables the measurement of six internal components of strain tensor in concrete members. Laboratory tests and strain analyses were carried out to evaluate this tranducer system. The results show that the system is effective in measuring internal strains of concrete members. It was then embedded in a reinforced concrete bridge deck in Macomb County, Michigan. Field tests were conducted to measure the strains in the deck under truck wheel load. The results were used to understand the deck's strain and stress behavior under truck wheel load.     

Anthropogenic and solar forcing in δ13C time pattern of coralline sponges

We present the results of a re-analysis of a previously published carbon isotope data-set related to coralline sponges in the Caribbean Sea. The original interpretation led to the discrimination between a pre-industrial period, with a signal controlled by solar-induced climatic variations, followed by the industrial era, characterized by a progressive δ¹³C negative shift due to the massive anthropogenic carbon emissions. Our re-analysis allowed to extract from the raw isotopic data evidence of a solar forcing still visible during the industrial era, with a particular reference to the 88-year Gleissberg periods. These signals are related to slope changes in both the δ¹³C versus time and the δ¹³C versus carbon emission curves.     

Diseño automático de tableros óptimos de puentes de carretera de vigas artesa prefabricadas mediante algoritmos meméticos híbridos

This paper deals with the minimum cost automatic design of precast bridge decks made of U-beams and an upper slab. It uses a hybrid memetic algorithm that combines the population search of solutions by genetic algorithms and a search by variable neighborhood. This algorithm is applied to a bridge made of two isostatic U-beams of 20-40 m of span and a width of 12 m. This example has 40 discrete variables. The evaluation module takes into account the service and ultimate limit states usually considered for these structures, i.e. flexure, shear, torsion, cracking, deflections, etc. The use of the memetic algorithm requires its previous calibration. Each of the heuristics is run 12 times, obtaining information about the minimum and average values, as well as the scatter. The parametric study showed a good correlation for the cost, the number of strands and the steel and concrete quantities with the span length. Savings have been found between 8 and 50% compared to other structures really executed. The presented procedure allows the practical application to the real design and its adaptation to the precast process.     

三亚鹿回头海域珊瑚、团扇藻和砂反射率光谱分析

以海南三亚湾鹿回头附近海域常见的8种优势造礁石珊瑚的反射率光谱代表该海域珊瑚的反射率光谱,用光纤光谱仪测量它们和此海域常见底质团扇藻、砂的反射率光谱。利用反射率、导数光谱法分析研究了该海域造礁石珊瑚、团扇藻和砂反射率光谱的差异。分析表明500～ 700 nm和珊瑚反射率差异相对较大;珊瑚反射率光谱明显低于砂反射率光谱,反射率谱线整体差异显著。导数分析结果显示造礁石珊瑚、团扇藻和砂的可区分波段为：石珊瑚与团扇藻的一阶导数,主要为415.1～425.6,482～487,514.5～529,577～587.6和631.9～644 nm等波段。二阶导数主要为,413～418.7,427.4～432.5,462.3～470.6,494.4～503.6,551.6～561.4,590～594和639～643 nm波段。四阶导数主要为,412.2～418.4,420.5～425.3,470.9～480.2,481.3～486.9,540.8～545.7,560～568.3和635.6～639.6 nm等波段。石珊瑚与砂的一阶导数,主要为400～413.7,514.5～529.6,576.9～587.6和602.7～667 nm波段。二阶导数主要为,420.5～430.7,446.9～458.8,467.3～472.3,537～544.3,556.8～561.4,582.8～587.2和637.6～649.4 nm。四阶导数主要为,414.4～418.7,419.5～430.3,486.9～495.8,534.2～540.1,579～583.1,622.7～627.5,640～645和665.4～672.8 nm等波段。     

三亚鹿回头海域珊瑚、石莼和碎石反射率光谱分析

以南海三亚湾鹿回头海域八种常见造礁石珊瑚优势种的反射率光谱为代表,用光谱仪测量它们和此海域常见底质石莼以及碎石的反射率光谱。通过反射率、导数光谱法研究了三亚鹿回头海域造礁石珊瑚、石莼和碎石的光谱差异。石莼于561.4 nm处出现反射率高达48%左右的显著波峰,在500～700 nm波长范围和造礁石珊瑚反射率差异较大;碎石反射率明显高于造礁石珊瑚反射率,整体差异显著。导数分析结果表明造礁石珊瑚、石莼和碎石可区分波段为：造礁石珊瑚与石莼主要为一阶导数在485～487,505～510,515～529,559～578,587～593,598～603和667～670 nm等波段。二阶导数在494.4～505.7,524～534.5,543.6～561.4和567.2～579.7 nm波段。四阶导数在515.8～430,621～627.1,628.8～635.6,639.3～645,661.8～669.8和678.4～682.4 nm等波段。造礁石珊瑚与碎石一阶导数反射光谱,主要为400～413.7,414～418,484.8～486.9,506～509.6,514.5～528.9,576.9～587.6和602.7～653.4 nm波段。二阶导数主要为,451.6～461.6,564.5～570.7和677～685 nm。四阶导数主要为,412.6～425.3,459.8～467,467.7～470.6,535.6～540.8,583.8～591.4,654.4～659.8和670.8～680 nm等波段。